What Are Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins in the lower rectum and anus, similar to varicose veins. They can cause discomfort, itching, pain, and bleeding, especially during bowel movements. Hemorrhoids are a common condition, and while they can affect people of all ages, they are more prevalent in adults over the age of 40.

Types of Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are classified into two main types:

1. Internal Hemorrhoids: These occur inside the rectum and are usually not visible from the outside. Internal hemorrhoids are often painless but can cause bleeding, which may be noticeable in the stool or on toilet paper. In some cases, internal hemorrhoids can prolapse or protrude outside the anus, leading to increased discomfort and irritation.

2. External Hemorrhoids: These develop under the skin around the anus. External hemorrhoids can be more painful, especially if they form a blood clot (thrombosis), which can lead to severe pain, swelling, and inflammation. Thrombosed hemorrhoids often appear as a hard lump near the anus.

Why Do Hemorrhoids Appear?

Hemorrhoids develop due to increased pressure in the lower rectum, which causes the veins in this area to stretch, swell, and sometimes rupture. Several factors can contribute to this increased pressure:

1. Straining During Bowel Movements: Chronic straining when trying to pass stool is a leading cause of hemorrhoids. This straining puts undue pressure on the rectal veins, leading to their enlargement and inflammation.

2. Chronic Constipation or Diarrhea: Both chronic constipation and diarrhea can cause hemorrhoids. In constipation, hard stools and the effort to pass them increase rectal pressure. In diarrhea, frequent bowel movements and irritation can also strain the veins.

3. Sitting for Long Periods: Sitting for extended periods, particularly on the toilet, can increase pressure on the veins in the anus and rectum, contributing to hemorrhoid formation.

4. Pregnancy: Pregnant women are at higher risk of developing hemorrhoids due to the increased pressure from the growing uterus on the rectal veins. Additionally, hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause veins to swell more easily.

5. Obesity: Excess body weight, especially in the abdominal area, can increase pressure on the pelvic veins, leading to hemorrhoids.

6. Heavy Lifting: Regularly lifting heavy objects can strain the abdominal and rectal muscles, increasing the risk of hemorrhoids.

7. Low-Fiber Diet: A diet low in fiber can lead to constipation, which, as mentioned, can cause straining and increase the likelihood of developing hemorrhoids.

8. Aging: As people age, the tissues supporting the veins in the rectum and anus can weaken, making hemorrhoids more likely.

9. Genetics: Some individuals may inherit a predisposition to developing hemorrhoids due to the structure and function of their veins.

Symptoms of Hemorrhoids

The symptoms of hemorrhoids can vary depending on their type and severity. Common symptoms include:

• Bleeding: Bright red blood may be visible on toilet paper, in the toilet bowl, or in the stool.

• Itching and Irritation: The area around the anus may feel itchy and irritated, particularly if the hemorrhoids are external.

• Pain or Discomfort: Hemorrhoids can cause pain, especially during bowel movements. Thrombosed external hemorrhoids can be particularly painful.

• Swelling: A lump or swelling may be felt near the anus, particularly with external hemorrhoids.

• Prolapse: Internal hemorrhoids may protrude through the anus, causing discomfort and irritation.

Hemorrhoids are a common but often uncomfortable condition resulting from increased pressure on the veins in the lower rectum and anus. Understanding the causes and symptoms of hemorrhoids is the first step toward effective prevention and treatment. By addressing the underlying factors—such as diet, bowel habits, and lifestyle—many individuals can find relief from hemorrhoid symptoms and prevent their recurrence. WE CAN HELP !!!