What is Type 2 Diabetes ?

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes glucose (sugar), which is a crucial source of energy. Unlike Type 1 diabetes, where the body fails to produce insulin, in Type 2 diabetes, your body either resists the effects of insulin—a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into your cells—or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.

Over time, this leads to high blood sugar levels, which can cause serious health issues if not managed properly. Type 2 diabetes is often associated with lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and weight, but genetics also play a significant role.

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

The symptoms of Type 2 diabetes can develop gradually and may be subtle, especially in the early stages. Here are some common signs to look out for:

1. Increased Thirst (Polydipsia): High blood sugar levels cause your kidneys to work harder to filter and absorb the excess sugar, leading to increased urination. This, in turn, can cause dehydration, making you feel more thirsty.

2. Frequent Urination (Polyuria): The excess glucose in the blood is excreted through urine, which increases the frequency of urination.

3. Increased Hunger (Polyphagia): Despite eating, the body's cells are not getting enough glucose due to insulin resistance or deficiency, leading to persistent feelings of hunger.

4. Fatigue: When your cells are deprived of sugar, you may feel unusually tired and fatigued, even after resting.

5. Blurred Vision: High blood sugar levels can cause fluid to be pulled from the lenses of your eyes, leading to blurred vision. This symptom may fluctuate as glucose levels change.

6. Slow-Healing Sores or Frequent Infections: High blood sugar impairs the body's natural healing processes and immune response, making it easier for infections to develop and wounds to heal slowly.

7. Unexplained Weight Loss: Although more common in Type 1 diabetes, some people with Type 2 diabetes may lose weight unexpectedly because the body starts to use muscle and fat for energy as it cannot access glucose effectively.

8. Tingling, Numbness, or Pain in Hands or Feet: Known as diabetic neuropathy, this symptom occurs due to nerve damage caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels.

9. Darkened Skin Areas (Acanthosis Nigricans): Some individuals develop dark, velvety patches of skin in the folds and creases of their bodies, typically around the neck, armpits, or groin, which can be an early sign of insulin resistance.

10. Irritability and Mood Changes: Fluctuations in blood sugar levels can affect mood and may cause irritability, anxiety, or even depression.

Importance of Early Detection

Type 2 diabetes can be managed effectively with lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, insulin therapy. However, early detection is crucial to prevent complications such as heart disease, nerve damage, kidney failure, and vision problems. If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.